SCOTUS tells the Federal Circuit to back off of patent damages rules. %CUT% Under the Patent Act, a court may increase the damages up to three times of a judgment. Last year, in two decisions, the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals imposed strict limits on the plaintiffs’ ability to get enhanced damages. The Federal Circuit required a plaintiff to show two things: (1) that there was a high likelihood that the infringer’s actions constituted infringement; (2) that the infringer knew the risk. Under this standard, any defense by an accused infringer that was not frivolous would get them off the hook. SCOTUS reversed the Federal Circuit recognizing that the Patent Act left enhanced damages to the discretion of the trial court. SCOTUS acknowledged that Federal Circuit’s test was trying to keep enhanced damages for egregious cases only. But the test was too rigid. Justice Roberts wrote: “[The] threshold requirement excludes from discretionary punishment many of the most culpable offenders, such as the “wanton and malicious pirate” who intentionally infringes another's patent—with no doubts about its validity or any notion of a defense—for no purpose other than to steal the patentee's business.” The two cases will go back to the trial courts to determine the availability of enhanced damages using a less rigid and more neutral test.

Sometimes, the last word isn’t really the last word. %CUT% Here are some updates for previous posts:

Just in time for summer, Mister Softee gets its just desserts courtesy of a federal judge. %CUT% The war started when Dimitrio Tsirkos decided to rebrand his “Mister Softee” trucks as “Master Softee”, including mimicking the graphic of the delicious ice cream cone. Tsirkos was a former vendor of the venerated purveyor of the taste of summer. As a vendor, Tsirkos had to pay royalties. As a non-vendor, he got out of having to pay Mister Softee. Mister Softee sued and obtained an injunction permanently enjoining Tsirkos from operating his rogue ice cream trucks using confusingly similar branding. Tsirkos refused to surrender. He continued to operate his Master Softee trucks despite the injunction. A federal court judge held Tsirkos in contempt repeatedly and ordered him to pay $329,000.00 in damages. When he still wouldn’t stop, the court entered another order adding $287,258.00 in attorney’s fees and $52,605.00 in costs.

A phantom trademark can be exorcised. %CUT%A 'phantom trademark' is in which an integral portion of the mark is represented by a blank or missing information. The USPTO will refuse registration of a phantom mark because it would be hard for someone to identify and distinguish the goods and services covered by the mark. Enterprise Holdings, Inc. got caught in the vortex of phantom marks when it tried to register this trademark for vehicle dealerships, fleet management services and vehicle rental services. The examining attorney refused registration on the basis that the mark was missing information. Part of the problem was that the specimens of use each separately showed the mark with added words “car sales”, “commercial trucks” and “fleet management” in the bottom white space. The examining attorney called this ‘mutilation’ of the mark. Enterprise Holdings, Inc. wouldn’t take no for an answer and appealed to the TTAB. The TTAB reversed the refusal. The TTAB held that the added terms were generic descriptions and could not function as a trademark alone. The added terms can be deleted from the mark without changing the commercial impression.